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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erich Zepler</span></h1>
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<p><b>Erich Ernst Zepler</b>, später <i>Eric Ernest Zepler</i> (* <a href="27._Januar" title="27. Januar">27. Januar</a> <a href="1898" title="1898">1898</a> in <a href="Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a>; † <a href="13._Mai" title="13. Mai">13. Mai</a> <a href="1980" title="1980">1980</a> in <a href="Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>) war ein deutsch-englischer <a href="Physiker" title="Physiker">Physiker</a> und <a href="Schachkomposition" title="Schachkomposition">Schachkomponist</a>.
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<div><b>Erich Zepler</b><br>Olympisches Turnier 1936, 1. Preis</div>
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<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in 3 Zügen</b></div></div></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Erich Zepler war ein Sohn des Arztes Martin Zepler, der 1939 in Berlin starb, und der Flora Guttfreund, die 1943 im <a href="Ghetto_Theresienstadt" title="Ghetto Theresienstadt">Ghetto Theresienstadt</a> Opfer des <a href="Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> wurde. Seinem Bruder Hans Zepler gelang die Flucht aus dem nationalsozialistischen Deutschland, er wurde Arzt in den USA.
</p><p>Zepler studierte Physik in Berlin und Bonn und promovierte in Würzburg. 1917/18 war er Soldat im Ersten Weltkrieg. Er setzte seine Forschungen in Würzburg fort und ging 1925 zur Firma <a href="Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a> nach Berlin. Er heiratete 1926 Eleonore Fischer, sie hatten zwei Kinder. Zepler wurde Leiter des Instituts für <a href="Radio" title="Radio">Radioempfänger</a>, war aber als Jude wegen der antisemitischen Diskriminierung gezwungen, 1935 mit seiner Familie aus Deutschland zu fliehen.
</p><p>Er kam nach England und erhielt eine Stellung bei der <a href="Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company</a>. 1941 war er kurzzeitig als <a href="Enemy_Alien" title="Enemy Alien">Enemy Alien</a> interniert. Von 1941 bis 1943 unterrichtete er am University College, Southampton (ab 1952 <a href="University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a>), und wechselte dann zum <a href="Cavendish-Laboratorium" title="Cavendish-Laboratorium">Cavendish-Laboratorium</a> an der <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. 1947 gründete er am University College von Southampton eine der weltweit ersten <a href="Elektronik" title="Elektronik">Elektronik</a>-Abteilungen, und 1949 wurde dort ein Lehrstuhl für ihn geschaffen. Die Abteilung befindet sich heute im nach ihm benannten <i>Zepler Building</i>. Er trug dazu bei, die Elektronik als eigenständigen Zweig der <a href="Ingenieurwissenschaften" title="Ingenieurwissenschaften">Ingenieurwissenschaften</a> zu etablieren. Nach seiner ersten Pensionierung 1963 begann er, Probleme des Hörens zu erforschen, und konnte zum Verständnis der Reaktion des Gehöres auf Impulse beitragen. 1977 wurde ihm ein Ehrengrad als Doktor der Wissenschaften verliehen.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beiträge_zum_Problemschach"><span id="Beitr.C3.A4ge_zum_Problemschach"></span>Beiträge zum Problemschach</h2></div>
<p>Als ein bedeutender Vertreter der <a href="Neudeutsche_Schule_(Schach)" title="Neudeutsche Schule (Schach)">Neudeutschen Schule</a> des Schachproblems schuf Zepler hauptsächlich Drei- und Mehrzüger sowie einige <a href="Studie_(Schach)" title="Studie (Schach)">Endspielstudien</a>. 1957 wurde er <i>Internationaler Schiedsrichter für Schachkompositionen</i> und 1973 <i>Internationaler Meister für Schachkomposition</i>. Nach ihm ist die Kombination <i>Zepler-Turton</i> benannt (siehe <a href="Henry_Turton#Das_Turton-Thema" title="Henry Turton">Henry Turton#Das Turton-Thema</a>).
</p><p>Zusammen mit dem Deutschen <a href="Ado_Kraemer" title="Ado Kraemer">Ado Kraemer</a> komponierte Zepler über Jahrzehnte hinweg Schachprobleme und veröffentlichte Bücher. Die „enge persönliche Verbundenheit“<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blieb während der <a href="Zeit_des_Nationalsozialismus" title="Zeit des Nationalsozialismus">Zeit des Nationalsozialismus</a> trotz Zeplers Emigration und Kraemers Mitgliedschaften in SA, NSDAP und SS bestehen. 1952 wurden beide gemeinsam Ehrenmitglieder der Problemschachvereinigung <i><a href="Die_Schwalbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Schwalbe">Die Schwalbe</a></i>. Wolfgang Dittmann schrieb zu der Doppelehrung später, sie galten „gemeinhin als die beiden größten damals lebenden Komponisten der Neudeutschen Schule [… und] leidenschaftliche Verfechter der Auffassung vom Kunstcharakter des Schachproblems“.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Erich E. Zepler: <i>The Technique of Radio Design.</i> Wiley, New York NY 1943.</li>
<li><a href="Ado_Kraemer" title="Ado Kraemer">Ado Kraemer</a>, Erich Zepler: <i>Im Banne des Schachproblems. Ausgewählte Schachkompositionen.</i> Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1951 (3. Auflage. ebenda 1982, ISBN 3-11-008104-0).</li>
<li>Ado Kraemer, Erich Zepler: <i>Problemkunst im 20. Jahrhundert. Ausgewählte Schachaufgaben.</i> Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1957.</li>
<li>David Hooper, <a href="Ken_Whyld" title="Ken Whyld">Kenneth Whyld</a>: <i>Erich Ernest Zepler.</i> In: David Hooper, Kenneth Whyld: <i>The Oxford Companion to Chess.</i> 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford u. a. 1996, ISBN 0-19-280049-3.</li>
<li><i>Zepler, Erich Ernst</i>, in: <a href="Werner_R%C3%B6der" title="Werner Röder">Werner Röder</a>; <a href="Herbert_A._Strauss" title="Herbert A. Strauss">Herbert A. Strauss</a> (Hrsg.): <i>International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933–1945</i>. Band 2,2. München&nbsp;: Saur, 1983, S. 1277</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&amp;query=1037734491">Literatur von und über Erich Zepler</a> im Katalog der <a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zepler.net/about.php">Zepler.net</a> der University of Southampton, Department of Electronics and Computer Science</li>
<li><a href="Tim_Krabb%C3%A9" title="Tim Krabbé">Tim Krabbé</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xs4all.nl/~timkr/chess2/diary_5.htm">Open Chess Diary</a> Nr. 89, 20. Januar 2001: Friends</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdb.dieschwalbe.de/search.jsp?expression=A=%27Zepler%27%20and%20FIRSTNAME=%27Erich%27">Kompositionen von Erich Zepler</a> auf dem PDB-Server der <i><a href="Schwalbe_(Vereinigung)" title="Schwalbe (Vereinigung)">Schwalbe</a></i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Einführung vom Herbst 1951 zu <i>Im Banne des Schachproblems</i>, Seite 6 von Erich Zepler und Ado Kraemer</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Dittmann: <i>Der Flug der Schwalbe</i>. Herausgegeben von <i>Die Schwalbe</i>, Wegberg 1988. S.&nbsp;47</span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lösung"><span id="L.C3.B6sung"></span>Lösung</h2></div>
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<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
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<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="width:6%">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
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<div class="thumbcaption">h</div></div></div><p><br><br><br><br><b>Lösung:</b> Das Probespiel 1. Kg6? scheitert an 1. … Lxf4, weil nun 2. Sd6 patt setzt. Daher der Sperrzug <b>1. Ke4!</b>. Nun wird der Läufer durch <a href="Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a> von d6 weggelenkt: <b>1. … L beliebig 2. Sd6</b>. Oder <b>1. … Kb3 2. De2</b>, <b>1. … Kb5 2. Dxd7+</b>.
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Normdaten&nbsp;(Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1037734491">1037734491</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98088661">no98088661</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59569432/">59569432</a></span> | </div>
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